• The nucleus of the atom: protons and neutrons, atomic (proton) and mass (nucleon) numbers.

• Ionisation energies

• Electrons: electronic energy levels, atomic orbitals, electron configuration.

5.1.3 Chemical Bonding and Structure

•  Ionic Bonding

• Covalent Bonding and dative (co-ordinate) bonding

•  The shapes of simple molecules

•   Electronegativity and bond polarity

•  Intermolecular forces

•   Metallic bonding

•  Bonding and physical properties

5.3.1   Enthalpy Changes

Content

• Enthalpy changes: DH of reaction, formation, combustion.
• Bond Enthalpy
• Hess’ Law and enthalpy cycles

5.3.1   Reaction Rates

Content

• Simple collision theory,
• Effect of temperature and concentration on reaction rate.
• Activation energy
• Use of catalysts

5.3.3 Chemical Equilibrium

Content

• Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibria
• Factors affecting chemical equilibria in terms of le Chatelier’s principle
• Industrial processes: the Haber process
• Acid-base equilibria: strong and weak acids